Land surface anomaly simulations and predictions with a climate model: an El Niño Southern Oscillation case study.

Oscillation case study with a climate model: an El Niño Southern Land surface anomaly simulations and predictions

On the relationship between Indian Ocean sea surface temperature and the transition from El Niño to La Niña

[1] The relationship between Indian Ocean sea surface temperature and the transition of El Niño events into either La Niña or El Niño–Southern Oscillation neutral conditions is examined in both observations and the retrospective ensemble hindcasts of the National Center for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System. The southern Indian Ocean is shown to demonstrate a particularly robust ...

Pronounced interannual variability in tropical South Pacific temperatures during Heinrich Stadial 1.

The early last glacial termination was characterized by intense North Atlantic cooling and weak overturning circulation. This interval between ~18,000 and 14,600 years ago, known as Heinrich Stadial 1, was accompanied by a disruption of global climate and has been suggested as a key factor for the termination. However, the response of interannual climate variability in the tropical Pacific (El ...

Changes in ENSO and associated overturning circulations from enhanced greenhouse gases by the end of the 20th century

With data from 12 coupled models in the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR4), climate under year 2000 greenhouse gas (GHG) + aerosol forcing was compared with climate under pre-industrial conditions. In the tropical Pacific, the warming in the mean sea surface temperatures (SST) was found to have an El Niño-like pattern, while both the equatorial zon...

El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Pliocene climate and equifinality.

It has been suggested that, during the Pliocene (ca 5-1.8Ma), an El Niño state existed as a permanent rather than an intermittent feature; that is, the tropical Pacific Ocean was characterized by a much weaker east-west gradient than today. One line of inquiry used to investigate this idea relates modern El Niño teleconnections to Pliocene proxy data by comparing regional differences in precipi...